Efficient implementation of elliptic curve cryptography.

Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems (ECC) were introduced in 1985 by Neal Koblitz and Victor Miller. Small key size made elliptic curve attractive for public key cryptosystem implementation. This thesis introduces solutions of efficient implementation of ECC in algorithmic level and in computation level. In algorithmic level, a fast parallel elliptic curve scalar multiplication algorithm based on a dual-processor hardware system is developed. The method has an average computation time of n3 Elliptic Curve Point Addition on an n-bit scalar. The improvement is n Elliptic Curve Point Doubling compared to conventional methods. When a proper coordinate system and binary representation for the scalar k is used the average execution time will be as low as n Elliptic Curve Point Doubling, which makes this method about two times faster than conventional single processor multipliers using the same coordinate system. In computation level, a high performance elliptic curve processor (ECP) architecture is presented. The processor uses parallelism in finite field calculation to achieve high speed execution of scalar multiplication algorithm. The architecture relies on compile-time detection rather than of run-time detection of parallelism which results in less hardware. Implemented on FPGA, the proposed processor operates at 66MHz in GF(2 167) and performs scalar multiplication in 100muSec, which is considerably faster than recent implementations.Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2004 .A57. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1446. Thesis (M.A.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2005

Screening role of complete blood cell count indices and C reactive protein in patients who are symptomatic for COVID-19

INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of COVID-19 is through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or typical involvement of the lung by the virus in computed tomography (CT) scan. However, PCR is not always available, and also CT scan has a high dose of radiation. This study was performed to find the role of complete blood cell (CBC) indices and qualitative C-reactive protein (CRP) in screening of symptomatic patients.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A diagnostic accuracy study was performed on symptomatic cases in Abadan. Four stepwise logistic regression models were designed that the outcomes were PCR positivity, CT scan positivity, PCR and CT scan positivity, and COVID-19 positivity (i.e., PCR or CT scan positivity). Post-estimation receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to report the area under the curve (AUC).RESULTS: A total of 104 patients were studied. The most accurate model was for the prediction of CT scan positivity (AUC = 0.874) in which the predictors were age [odds ratio (OR) =1.063] and CRP (OR = 2.661 for each plus of positivity). The second accurate model was for the prediction of COVID-19 positivity (AUC = 0.828) in which the predictors were white blood cell count (OR = 0.735 for every 1000 counts per μL) and neutrophil per lymphocyte ratio (OR = 1.248).CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of CRP are associated with and predictor of lung involvement in COVID-19 infection. CRP qualitative levels can be measured before a CT scan if there is no other indication for imaging

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension based on ACC/AHA versus JNC7 guidelines in the PERSIAN cohort study

In this cross-sectional population-based study, we used the baseline data of the Prospective Epidemiologic Research Studies in IrAN cohort study collected in Iran from 2014 to 2020. The main outcomes were the prevalence of hypertension and proportion of awareness, treatment, and control based on the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline compared to the seventh report of the Joint National Committee (JNC7). Of the total of 163,770 participants, aged 35–70 years, 55.2% were female. The sex-age standardized prevalence of hypertension was 22.3% (95% CI 20.6, 24.1) based on the JNC7 guideline and 36.5% (31.1, 41.8) based on the ACC/AHA guideline. A total of 24,312 participants [14.1% (10.1, 18.1)] were newly diagnosed based on the ACC/AHA guideline. Compared to adults diagnosed with hypertension based on the JNC7 guideline, the newly diagnosed participants were mainly young literate males who had low levels of risk factors and were free from conventional comorbidities of hypertension. About 30.7% (25.9, 35.4) of them (4.3% of the entire population) were eligible for pharmacologic intervention based on the ACC/AHA guideline. Implementation of the new guideline may impose additional burden on health systems. However, early detection and management of elevated blood pressure may reduce the ultimate burden of hypertension in Iran

Socioeconomic inequalities in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension: evidence from the PERSIAN cohort study

Background Elevated blood pressure is associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke and chronic kidney disease. In this study, we examined the socioeconomic inequality and its related factors in prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control (ATC) of hypertension (HTN) in Iran. Method The study used data from the recruitment phase of The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN). A sample of 162,842 adults aged > = 35 years was analyzed. HTN was defined according to the Joint National Committee)JNC-7(. socioeconomic inequality was measured using concentration index (Cn) and curve. Results The mean age of participants was 49.38(SD = +/- 9.14) years and 44.74% of the them were men. The prevalence of HTN in the total population was 22.3%(95% CI: 20.6%; 24.1%), and 18.8%(95% CI: 16.8%; 20.9%) and 25.2%(95% CI: 24.2%; 27.7%) in men and women, respectively. The percentage of awareness treatment and control among individuals with HTN were 77.5%(95% CI: 73.3%; 81.8%), 82.2%(95% CI: 70.2%; 81.6%) and 75.9%(95% CI: 70.2%; 81.6%), respectively. The Cn for prevalence of HTN was -0.084. Two factors, age (58.46%) and wealth (32.40%), contributed most to the socioeconomic inequality in the prevalence of HTN. Conclusion The prevalence of HTN was higher among low-SES individuals, who also showed higher levels of awareness. However, treatment and control of HTN were more concentrated among those who had higher levels of SES, indicating that people at a higher risk of adverse event related to HTN (the low SES individuals) are not benefiting from the advantage of treatment and control of HTN. Such a gap between diagnosis (prevalence) and control (treatment and control) of HTN needs to be addressed by public health policymakers

Finite Field Arithmetic and its Application in Cryptography

The groundbreaking idea of public key cryptography and the rapid expansion of the internetin the 80s opened a new research area for finite field arithmetic. The large size of fields incryptography demands new algorithms for efficient arithmetic and new metrics for estimatingfinite field operation performance. The area, power, and timing constraints on hand-heldand embedded devices necessitate accurate models to achieve expected goals. Additionally,cryptosystems need to protect their secrets and hide their internal operation states againstside-channel attacks. Fault-injection attacks or random errors reduce the security of a cryptosystemand can help a cryptanalyst to extract a system's secrets.This dissertation covers various aspects of finite field arithmetic to provide predictable,efficient, and secure elements for cryptography. We provide architecture for an elliptic curveprocessor (ECP), which is essentially a finite field processor. We also provide finite fieldmultipliers over polynomial and optimal normal bases for pipeline and parallel architectures.To further analyze the behavior of finite field multipliers, we formalize timing, area, andenergy consumption over binary extension fields. To ensure robustness of the multiplicationoperation, we provide concurrent error detection (CED) schemes for polynomial and normalbase multipliers and provide the probability of error detection

Revisiting Finite Field Multiplication Using Dickson Bases

Abstract. Dickson bases have recently been introduced in [1] for finite field arithmetic. Such a basis exists for any extension field and under certain conditions it represents a permutation of type II optimal normal bases. In this paper Dickson bases are developed using simpler mathematical terms and their properties are discussed. An algorithm/architecture based on the model presented in [1] is developed. An alternate simpler multiplication algorithm is introduced, the results are compared to a typical serial polynomial base multiplier and VLSI implementation considerations are discussed

Examine the Influence of speech therapy with cognitive behavior therapy on reducing the severity of stuttering among stuttering patients of 18 years old and above in the city of Esfahan

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of "speech therapy with cognitive behavior therapy" on reducing the severity of stuttering amongst stuttering patients of 18 years old and above in the city of Isfahan. Materials & Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with pretest - posttest control group. The sample group included 24 people suffering from stuttering who attended public speech therapy clinics of Isfahan. For the diagnosis and severity of stuttering, stuttering severity instrument (SSI4) was used. After doing the pre-test, subjects were placed into one experimental group of speech therapy with cognitive behavior therapy and one control group. Speech therapy for this research included ten 45-minutes sessions which was done for each individual subject and cognitive behavior therapy included ten 90-minutes group sessions. After finishing the therapy sessions, the post-test was done. In analyzing the data, Analysis of Covariance & Mann-Whitney U test were deployed. Results: Data analysis showed that speech therapy with cognitive behavior therapy has a significant impact on reducing the severity of stuttering. Conclusion: speech therapy with cognitive behavior therapy is effective in reducing stuttering. Key words: speech therapy- cognitive behavior therapy-stutterin

Contribution a I'Etude de " Bejel " en Iran Rapport Preliminaire

The presence of Bejel (Endemic Syphilis) and its area of distribution in Dacht-Mieham South-West of Iran is demonstrated. The studies of the Institute of Parasitology and Malariology have revealed the presence of disease in few villages of this area witha frequency of 23 to 340/0. The clinical symptoms and epidemiological caracteristics of the disease in Iran is described